Tex. Fam. Code § 201.101 et seq.

TEXAS FAMILY CODE Chapter 201, Subchapter B — ASSOCIATE JUDGE FOR TITLE IV-D CASES CHAPTER 201 • ASSOCIATE JUDGE Subchapter B: ASSOCIATE JUDGE FOR TITLE IV-D CASES Sec. 201.101. AUTHORITY OF PRESIDING JUDGE. (a) The presiding judge of each administrative judicial region, after conferring with the judges of courts in the region having jurisdiction of Title IV-D cases, shall determine which courts require the appointment of a full-time or part-time associate judge to complete each Title IV-D case within the time specified in this subchapter. (b) If the presiding judge of an administrative judicial region determines under Subsection (a) that the courts in the region require the appointment of an associate judge, the presiding judge shall appoint an associate judge from a list of the qualified applicants who have submitted an application to the office of court administration. Before making the appointment, the presiding judge must provide the list to the judges of the courts from which cases will be referred to the associate judge. Each judge may recommend to the presiding judge the names of one or more applicants for appointment. An associate judge appointed under this subsection serves for a term of four years from the date the associate judge is appointed and qualifies for office. The appointment of an associate judge for a term does not affect the at-will employment status of the associate judge. The presiding judge may terminate an appointment at any time. (b-1) Before reappointing an associate judge appointed under Subsection (b), the presiding judge must notify each judge of the courts from which cases will be referred to the associate judge of the presiding judge's intent to reappoint the associate judge to another term. Each judge may submit to the presiding judge a recommendation on whether the associate judge should be reappointed. (c) An assoc intent to reappoint the associate judge to another term. Each judge may submit to the presiding judge a recommendation on whether the associate judge should be reappointed. (c) An associate judge appointed under this subchapter may be appointed to serve more than one court. Two or more judges of administrative judicial regions may jointly appoint one or more associate judges to serve the regions. (d) Except as provided under Subsection (e), if an associate judge is appointed for a court under this subchapter, all Title IV-D cases shall be referred to the associate judge by a general order for each county issued by the judge of the court for which the associate judge is appointed, or, in the absence of that order, by a general order issued by the presiding judge who appointed the associate judge. Referral of Title IV-D cases may not be made for individual cases or case by case. (e) If a county has entered into a contract with the Title IV-D agency under Section 231.0011, enforcement services may be directly provided in cases identified under the contract by county personnel as provided under Section 231.0011(d), including judges and associate judges of the courts of the county. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1258, Sec. 7, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 742 (S.B. 355), Sec. 8, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1182 (S.B. 1139), Sec. 1.01, eff. September 1, 2015. Sec. 201.102. APPLICATION OF LAW GOVERNING ASSOCIATE JUDGES. Subchapter A applies to an associate judge appointed under this subchapter, except that, to the extent of any conflict between this subchapter and Subchapter A, this subchapter prevails. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 556, Sec. 41, eff. Sept. 1, subchapter and Subchapter A, this subchapter prevails. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 556, Sec. 41, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1302, Sec. 11, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1258, Sec. 8, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 44 (S.B. 271), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2007. Source: Texas Legislature Online (89th Leg., 2nd Called Sess., 2025) Page 1 --- TEXAS FAMILY CODE Chapter 201, Subchapter B — ASSOCIATE JUDGE FOR TITLE IV-D CASES Sec. 201.1021. QUALIFICATIONS. (a) To be eligible for appointment under this subchapter, a person must be a citizen of the United States, have resided in this state for the two years preceding the date of appointment, and be: (1) eligible for assignment under Section 74.054, Government Code, because the person is named on the list of retired and former judges maintained by the presiding judge of the administrative region under Section 74.055, Government Code; or (2) licensed to practice law in this state and have been a practicing lawyer in this state, or a judge of a court in this state who is not otherwise eligible under Subdivision (1), for the four years preceding the date of appointment. (b) An associate judge appointed under this subchapter shall during the term of appointment reside in the administrative judicial region, or a county adjacent to the region, in which the court to which the associate judge is appointed is located. An associate judge appointed to serve in two or more administrative judicial regions may reside anywhere in the regions. Added by Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 44 (S.B. 271), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2007. Amended by: Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 760 (S.B. 742), Sec. 1, eff. June 19, 2009. Sec. 201.103. DESIGNATION OF HOST COUNTY. (a) The presiding judges of the administrative judicial regions by majority vo Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 760 (S.B. 742), Sec. 1, eff. June 19, 2009. Sec. 201.103. DESIGNATION OF HOST COUNTY. (a) The presiding judges of the administrative judicial regions by majority vote shall determine the host county of an associate judge appointed under this subchapter. (b) The host county shall provide an adequate courtroom and quarters, including furniture, necessary utilities, and telephone equipment and service, for the associate judge and other personnel assisting the associate judge. (c) An associate judge is not required to reside in the host county. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1258, Sec. 8, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Sec. 201.104. POWERS OF ASSOCIATE JUDGE. (a) On the motion of a party or the associate judge, an associate judge may refer a complex case back to the judge for final disposition after the associate judge has recommended temporary support. (b) An associate judge may render and sign any order that is not a final order on the merits of the case. (c) An associate judge may recommend to the referring court any order after a trial on the merits. (d) Only the referring court may hear and render an order on a motion for postjudgment relief, including a motion for a new trial or to vacate, correct, or reform a judgment. (e) Notwithstanding Subsection (d) and subject to Section 201.1042(g), an associate judge may hear and render an order on any matter necessary to be decided in connection with a Title IV-D service, including: (1) a suit to modify or clarify an existing child support order; (2) a motion to enforce a child support order or revoke a respondent's community supervision and suspension of commitment; (3) a respondent's compliance with the conditions provided in the associate judge's report for suspension of the respondent's commitment; (4) a motion for postjudgment relief, including a motion for a new trial or to vacate, correct, or re nditions provided in the associate judge's report for suspension of the respondent's commitment; (4) a motion for postjudgment relief, including a motion for a new trial or to vacate, correct, or reform a judgment, if neither party has requested a de novo hearing before the referring court; (5) a suit affecting the parent-child relationship; and (6) a suit for modification under Chapter 156. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 556, Sec. 42, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1023, Sec. 46, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1258, Sec. 8, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Source: Texas Legislature Online (89th Leg., 2nd Called Sess., 2025) Page 2 --- TEXAS FAMILY CODE Chapter 201, Subchapter B — ASSOCIATE JUDGE FOR TITLE IV-D CASES Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 806 (S.B. 1437), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 699 (H.B. 2048), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2017. Sec. 201.1041. JUDICIAL ACTION ON ASSOCIATE JUDGE'S PROPOSED ORDER OR JUDGMENT. (a) If a request for a de novo hearing before the referring court is not timely filed or the right to a de novo hearing before the referring court is waived, the proposed order or judgment of the associate judge, other than a proposed order or judgment providing for enforcement by contempt or the immediate incarceration of a party, shall become the order or judgment of the referring court by operation of law without ratification by the referring court. (b) An associate judge's proposed order or judgment providing for enforcement by contempt or the immediate incarceration of a party becomes an order of the referring court only if: (1) the referring court signs an order adopting the associate judge's proposed order or judgment; and (2) the order or judgment meets the requirements of Section 157.166. (c) Except as provided by Subsection (b), a proposed order or judgment of the associate judge's proposed order or judgment; and (2) the order or judgment meets the requirements of Section 157.166. (c) Except as provided by Subsection (b), a proposed order or judgment of the associate judge is in full force and effect and is enforceable as an order or judgment of the referring court pending a de novo hearing before the referring court. Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 556, Sec. 43, eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Amended by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1023, Sec. 47, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1258, Sec. 8, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1235 (H.B. 2501), Sec. 9, eff. September 1, 2007. Sec. 201.1042. DE NOVO HEARING BEFORE REFERRING COURT. (a) Except as provided by this section, Section 201.015 applies to a request for a de novo hearing before the referring court. (b) The party requesting a de novo hearing before the referring court shall file notice with the clerk of the referring court not later than the third working day after the date the associate judge signs the proposed order or judgment. (c) A respondent who timely files a request for a de novo hearing on an associate judge's proposed order or judgment providing for incarceration shall be brought before the referring court not later than the first working day after the date on which the respondent files the request for a de novo hearing. The referring court shall determine whether the respondent should be released on bond or whether the respondent's appearance in court at a designated time and place can be otherwise assured. (d) If the respondent under Subsection (c) is released on bond or other security, the referring court shall condition the bond or other security on the respondent's promise to appear in court for a de novo hearing at a designated date, time, and place, and the referring court shall give the respondent notice of the hearing in open court. No other notice to the respondent is required. (e) If the respond aring at a designated date, time, and place, and the referring court shall give the respondent notice of the hearing in open court. No other notice to the respondent is required. (e) If the respondent under Subsection (c) is released without posting bond or security, the court shall set a de novo hearing at a designated date, time, and place and give the respondent notice of the hearing in open court. No other notice to the respondent is required. (f) If the referring court is not satisfied that the respondent's appearance in court can be assured and the respondent remains incarcerated, a de novo hearing shall be held as soon as practicable, but not later than the fifth day after the date the respondent's request for a de novo hearing before the referring court was filed, unless the respondent or, if represented, the respondent's attorney waives the accelerated hearing. (g) Until a de novo hearing is held under this section and the referring court has signed an order or judgment or has ruled on a timely filed motion for new trial or a motion to vacate, correct, or reform a judgment, an associate judge may not hold a hearing on the respondent's compliance with conditions in the associate judge's proposed order or judgment for suspension of commitment or on a motion to revoke the respondent's community supervision and suspension of commitment. Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 556, Sec. 43, eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Amended by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1023, Sec. 48, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1258, Sec. 9, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Source: Texas Legislature Online (89th Leg., 2nd Called Sess., 2025) Page 3 --- TEXAS FAMILY CODE Chapter 201, Subchapter B — ASSOCIATE JUDGE FOR TITLE IV-D CASES Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1235 (H.B. 2501), Sec. 10, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 916 (H.B. 1366), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2013. Sec. 201.1045. PROCEEDINGS AND JUDICIAL ACTIONS BY REMOTE , Ch. 1235 (H.B. 2501), Sec. 10, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 916 (H.B. 1366), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2013. Sec. 201.1045. PROCEEDINGS AND JUDICIAL ACTIONS BY REMOTE COMMUNICATION. (a) In this section, "remote communication" includes teleconferencing, videoconferencing, and any similar technology. (b) Unless a party files a written objection and except as provided by Subsection (d), an associate judge appointed under this subchapter may conduct a proceeding or perform a judicial action authorized under Section 201.104 from any location in this state using remote communication. (c) Except as provided by Subsection (d), an associate judge appointed under this subchapter may require or authorize a party to participate in a proceeding authorized under Section 201.104 using a method of remote communication available to the party. (d) A respondent is entitled to appear in person at a final hearing that may result in a finding of contempt or revocation of the respondent's community supervision under Chapter 157. The respondent may waive the right to appear in person at the hearing in writing or on the record. Unless the respondent waives that right, the associate judge must also appear at the hearing in person. (e) Section 30.012(b), Civil Practice and Remedies Code, does not apply to a proceeding conducted using remote communication under this section. Added by Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 152 (S.B. 870), Sec. 8, eff. September 1, 2023. Amended by: Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 61 (S.B. 1403), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025. Sec. 201.105. COMPENSATION OF ASSOCIATE JUDGE. (a) An associate judge appointed under this subchapter is entitled to a salary in the amount equal to 90 percent of the annual salary paid to a district judge with comparable years of service as the associate judge as set by the General Appropriations Act in accordance with Section 659.012, Government Code. (b) The associate judge's salary s strict judge with comparable years of service as the associate judge as set by the General Appropriations Act in accordance with Section 659.012, Government Code. (b) The associate judge's salary shall be paid from county funds available for payment of officers' salaries or from funds available from the state and federal government as provided by this subchapter. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1258, Sec. 10, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1121 (H.B. 2384), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 861 (H.B. 3474), Sec. 5.002, eff. September 1, 2023. Sec. 201.106. CHILD SUPPORT COURT MONITOR AND OTHER PERSONNEL. (a) The presiding judge of an administrative judicial region or the presiding judges of the administrative judicial regions, by majority vote, may appoint other personnel, including a child support court monitor for each associate judge appointed under this subchapter, as needed to implement and administer the provisions of this subchapter. (b) The salaries of the personnel and court monitors shall be paid from county funds available for payment of officers' salaries or from funds available from the state and federal government as provided by this subchapter. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1072, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1258, Sec. 10, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Sec. 201.1065. DUTIES OF CHILD SUPPORT COURT MONITOR. (a) A child support court monitor appointed under this subchapter shall monitor child support cases in which the obligor is placed on Source: Texas Legislature Online (89th Leg., 2nd Called Sess., 2025) Page 4 --- TEXAS FAMILY CODE Chapter 201, Subchapter B — ASSOCIATE JUDGE FOR TITLE IV-D CASES probation for failure to comply with the requirements of a child support order. (b) In monit Page 4 --- TEXAS FAMILY CODE Chapter 201, Subchapter B — ASSOCIATE JUDGE FOR TITLE IV-D CASES probation for failure to comply with the requirements of a child support order. (b) In monitoring a child support case, a court monitor shall: (1) conduct an intake assessment of the needs of an obligor that, if addressed, would enable the obligor to comply with a child support order; (2) refer an obligor to employment services offered by the employment assistance program under Section 302.0035, Labor Code, if appropriate; (3) provide mediation services or referrals to services, if appropriate; (4) schedule periodic contacts with an obligor to assess compliance with the child support order and whether additional support services are required; (5) monitor the amount and timeliness of child support payments owed and paid by an obligor; and (6) if appropriate, recommend that the court: (A) discharge an obligor from or modify the terms of the obligor's community supervision; or (B) revoke an obligor's community supervision. Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1072, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Amended by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1258, Sec. 10, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Sec. 201.1066. SUPERVISION OF ASSOCIATE JUDGES. (a) The office of court administration shall assist the presiding judges in: (1) monitoring the associate judges' compliance with job performance standards and federal and state laws and policies; (2) addressing the training needs and resource requirements of the associate judges; (3) conducting annual performance evaluations for the associate judges and other personnel appointed under this subchapter based on written personnel performance standards adopted by the presiding judges and performance information solicited from the referring courts and other relevant persons; and (4) receiving, investigating, and resolving complaints about particular associate judges or the associate judge program under this subchapter based on a uniform pr ts and other relevant persons; and (4) receiving, investigating, and resolving complaints about particular associate judges or the associate judge program under this subchapter based on a uniform process adopted by the presiding judges. (b) The office of court administration shall develop procedures and a written evaluation form to be used by the presiding judges in conducting the annual performance evaluations under Subsection (a)(3). (c) Each judge of a court that refers cases to an associate judge under this subchapter may submit to the presiding judge or the office of court administration information on the associate judge's performance during the preceding year based on a uniform process adopted by the presiding judges. Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 556, Sec. 44, eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Renumbered from Family Code Sec. 201.1065 by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1420, Sec. 21.001(31), eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Amended by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1258, Sec. 10, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1182 (S.B. 1139), Sec. 1.02, eff. September 1, 2015. Sec. 201.107. STATE AND FEDERAL FUNDS. (a) The office of court administration may contract with the Title IV-D agency for available state and federal funds under Title IV-D and may employ personnel needed to implement and administer this subchapter. An associate judge, a court monitor for each associate judge, and other personnel appointed under this subchapter are state employees for all purposes, including accrual of leave time, insurance benefits, retirement benefits, and travel regulations. (b) The presiding judges of the administrative judicial regions, state agencies, and counties may contract with the Title IV-D agency for available federal funds under Title IV-D to reimburse costs and salaries associated with associate judges, court monitors, and personnel appointed under this subchapter and may also use available state funds and public or private Source: Texas Legis costs and salaries associated with associate judges, court monitors, and personnel appointed under this subchapter and may also use available state funds and public or private Source: Texas Legislature Online (89th Leg., 2nd Called Sess., 2025) Page 5 --- TEXAS FAMILY CODE Chapter 201, Subchapter B — ASSOCIATE JUDGE FOR TITLE IV-D CASES grants. (c) The presiding judges and the Title IV-D agency shall act and are authorized to take any action necessary to maximize the amount of federal funds available under the Title IV-D program. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 556, Sec. 45, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1072, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1258, Sec. 11, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Sec. 201.110. TIME FOR DISPOSITION OF TITLE IV-D CASES. (a) Title IV-D cases must be completed from the time of successful service to the time of disposition within the following time: (1) 75 percent within six months; and (2) 90 percent within one year. (b) Title IV-D cases shall be given priority over other cases. (c) A clerk or judge may not restrict the number of Title IV-D cases that are filed or heard in the courts. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 20, Sec. 1, eff. April 20, 1995. Amended by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1258, Sec. 12, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Sec. 201.111. TIME TO ACT ON ASSOCIATE JUDGE'S PROPOSED ORDER OR JUDGMENT THAT INCLUDES RECOMMENDED FINDING OF CONTEMPT. (a) Not later than the 10th day after the date an associate judge's proposed order or judgment recommending a finding of contempt is signed, the referring court shall: (1) adopt, modify, or reject the proposed order or judgment; (2) hear further evidence; or (3) recommit the matter for further proceedings. (b) The time limit in Subsection (a) does not apply if a party has filed a written request for a de novo hearing before the referring court. Added by Acts 1995, 7 he matter for further proceedings. (b) The time limit in Subsection (a) does not apply if a party has filed a written request for a de novo hearing before the referring court. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 751, Sec. 80, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 556, Sec. 46, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1258, Sec. 13, 14, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1235 (H.B. 2501), Sec. 11, eff. September 1, 2007. Sec. 201.112. LIMITATION ON LAW PRACTICE BY CERTAIN ASSOCIATE JUDGES. A full-time associate judge appointed under this subchapter may not engage in the private practice of law. Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 556, Sec. 47, eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Amended by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1258, Sec. 15, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Sec. 201.113. VISITING ASSOCIATE JUDGE. (a) The presiding judge of an administrative judicial region may assign a visiting associate judge for Title IV-D cases to perform the duties of an associate judge appointed under this subchapter only if: (1) the associate judge is temporarily unable to perform the associate judge's official duties because of absence resulting from: (A) illness; (B) injury; (C) disability; (D) personal emergency; (E) military service; Source: Texas Legislature Online (89th Leg., 2nd Called Sess., 2025) Page 6 --- TEXAS FAMILY CODE Chapter 201, Subchapter B — ASSOCIATE JUDGE FOR TITLE IV-D CASES (F) vacation; or (G) attendance at a continuing legal education program; (2) the associate judge requests assistance due to a heavy workload or a pandemic-related emergency; or (3) a vacancy occurs in the position of associate judge. (b) The presiding judge of an administrative judicial region may assign a visiting associate judge under Subsection (a) during the period the associate judge is unable to perform the associate judge's duties, during the period assistance is needed to manage the associate judge's workload, or until der Subsection (a) during the period the associate judge is unable to perform the associate judge's duties, during the period assistance is needed to manage the associate judge's workload, or until another associate judge is appointed to fill the vacancy. (c) A person is not eligible for assignment under this section unless the person has served as a master or associate judge under this chapter, a district judge, or a statutory county court judge for at least two years before the date of assignment. (d) A visiting associate judge assigned under this section is subject to each provision of this chapter that applies to an associate judge serving under a regular appointment under this subchapter. A visiting associate judge assigned under this section is entitled to compensation to be determined by a majority vote of the presiding judges of the administrative judicial regions through use of funds under this subchapter. A visiting associate judge is not considered to be a state employee for any purpose. (e) Section 2252.901, Government Code, does not apply to the assignment of a visiting associate judge under this section. Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1023, Sec. 49, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Amended by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1258, Sec. 15, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 343 (S.B. 1147), Sec. 1, eff. June 17, 2005. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 760 (S.B. 742), Sec. 2, eff. June 19, 2009. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 861 (H.B. 3474), Sec. 5.003, eff. September 1, 2023. Source: Texas Legislature Online (89th Leg., 2nd Called Sess., 2025) Page 7